Understand complementary goods, how price changes in one good shift demand for another, and why this concept matters in microeconomics and exams.

Learn what substitute goods are, how price changes shift demand, and why substitutes play a key role in consumer choice and market competition.

Understand movement along the demand curve, how price changes affect quantity demanded, and why it differs from a shift in demand.

Understand the efficient frontier, how diversification shapes optimal portfolios, and why it defines the best risk return trade-offs in portfolio theory.

Learn what Jensen’s Alpha measures, how it isolates manager skill from market risk, and why it is used to evaluate true portfolio outperformance.

Understand anchoring bias in behavioural finance, how initial reference points distort valuation, forecasts, and investor decision-making.

Understand the role of the originator in credit creation and securitisation, how underwriting, incentives, and risk retention shape loan quality and credit risk.

Accrued interest explained clearly, why bond buyers pay it, who earns it, and how it connects clean price, dirty price, and coupon timing.

Understand bond flat price, why bonds are quoted excluding accrued interest, and how flat price differs from dirty price in fixed income markets.